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独立宣言 林语堂-第章

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For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province; establishing therein an Arbitrary government; and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into t hese Colonies:

For taking away our Charters; abolishing our most valuable Laws; and altering fundamentally the forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislatures; and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever。

He has abdicated Government here; by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us。

He has plundered our seas; ravaged our Coasts; burnt our towns; and destroyed the Lives of our people。

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to pleat the works of death; desolation and tyranny; already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages; and totally unworthy the H ead of a civilized nation。

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country; to bee the executioners of their friends and Brethren; or to fall themselves by their Hands。

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us; and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers; the merciless Indian Savages; whose known rule of warfare; is an undistinguished destruction of all ages; sexes and conditions。

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury。 A Prince; whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant; is unfit to be the ruler of a free people。

Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren。 We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us。 We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and sett lement here。 We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity; and we have conjured them by the ties of our mon kindred to disavow these usurpations; which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence。 They too have been deaf t o the voice of justice and of consanguinity。 We must; therefore; acquiesce in the necessity; which denounces our Separation; and hold them; as we hold the rest of mankind; Enemies in War; in Peace Friends。

We; therefore; the Representatives of the united States of America; in General Congress; Assembled; appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions; do; in the Name; and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies; solemnly publish and declare; That these United Colonies are; and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Bri tain; is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States; they have full Power to levy War; conclude Peace; contract Alliances; establish merce; and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do。 An d for the support of this Declaration; with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence; we mutually pledge to each other our Lives; our Fortunes and our sacred Honor。

JOHN HANCOCK; President

Attested; CHARLES THOMSON; Secretary

New Hampshire: JOSIAH BARTLETT; WILLIAM WHIPPLE; MATTHEW THORNTON

Massachusetts…Bay: SAMUEL ADAMS; JOHN ADAMS; ROBERT TREAT PAINE; ELBRIDGE GERRY

Rhode Island: STEPHEN HOPKINS; WILLIAM ELLERY

Connecticut: ROGER SHERMAN; SAMUEL HUNTINGTON; WILLIAM WILLIAMS; OLIVER WOLCOTT

Georgia: BUTTON GWINNETT; LYMAN HALL; GEO。 WALTON

Maryland: SAMUEL CHASE; WILLIAM PACA; THOMAS STONE; CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON

Virginia: GEORGE WYTHE; RICHARD HENRY LEE; THOMAS JEFFERSON; BENJAMIN HARRISON; THOMAS NELSON; JR。; FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE; CARTER BRAXTON。

New York: WILLIAM FLOYD; PHILIP LIVINGSTON; FRANCIS LEWIS; LEWIS MORRIS

Pennsylvania: ROBERT MORRIS; BENJAMIN RUSH; BENJAMIN FRANKLIN; JOHN MORTON; GEORGE CLYMER; JAMES SMITH; GEORGE TAYLOR; JAMES WILSON; GEORGE ROSS

Delaware: CAESAR RODNEY; GEORGE READ; THOMAS M'KEAN

North Carolina: WILLIAM HOOPER; JOSEPH HEWES; JOHN PENN

South Carolina: EDWARD RUTLEDGE; THOMAS HEYWARD; JR。; THOMAS LYNCH; JR。; ARTHUR MIDDLETON

New Jersey: RICHARD STOCKTON; JOHN WITHERSPOON; FRANCIS HOPKINS; JOHN HART; ABRAHAM CLARK

Pennsylvania: Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross 

Delaware: Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean 

Maryland: Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton 

Virginia: George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr。, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton 

North Carolina: William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn 

South Carolina: Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr。, Thomas Lynch, Jr。, Arthur Middleton 

Georgia: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton。   

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《独立宣言》标准译文:
在有关人类事务的发展过程中,当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系,并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的意旨,接受独立和平等的地位时,出于人类舆论的尊重,必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。

我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利,其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利,人类才在他们之间建立政府,而政府之正当权力,是经被治理者的同意而产生的。当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时,人民便有权力改变或废除它,以建立一个新的政府;其赖以奠基的原则,其组织权力的方式,务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。为了慎重起见,成立多年的政府,是不应当由于轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。过去的一切经验也都说明,任何苦难,只要是尚能忍受,人类都宁愿容忍,而无意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。但是,当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺发生,证明政府企图把人民置于专制统治之下时,那么人民就有权利,也有义务推翻这个政府,并为他们未来的安全建立新的保障--这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况,也是它们现在不得不改变以前政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠国王的历史,是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史,这些暴行的唯一目标,就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。为了证明所言属实,现把下列事实向公正的世界宣布--

他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必要的法律。

他禁止他的总督们批准迫切而极为必要的法律,要不就把这些法律搁置起来暂不生效,等待他的同意;而一旦这些法律被搁置起来,他对它们就完全置之不理。

他拒绝批准便利广大地区人民的其它法律,除非那些人民情愿放弃自己在立法机关中的代表权;但这种权利对他们有无法估量的价值,而且只有暴君才畏惧这种权利。

他把各州立法团体召集到异乎寻常的、极为不便的、远离它们档案库的地方去开会,唯一的目的是使他们疲于奔命,不得不顺从他的意旨。

他一再解散各州的议会,因为它们以无畏的坚毅态度反对他侵犯人民的权利。

他在解散各州议会之后,又长期拒绝另选新议会;但立法权是无法取消的,因此这项权力仍由一般人民来行使。其实各州仍然处于危险的境地,既有外来侵略之患,又有发生内
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