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amount of China import and export．Yourposition should be no less than 100 words．
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第三十三单元 英文书信写作English Letter Writing
33．1 Introduction
Letter writing tests the English letter writing skill of the
examinees．In this unit，we are going to focus on different
types of letter writing，their form and language．We will also give you some advice on how to write an effective
English letter．
33．2 Type of letters（信的类型）
English letters are generally divided into two types：
a．personal
letters个人书信
b．business
letters事务书信
33．3 Form（格式）
An English letter usually consists of six parts：heading（信头），inside address（收信人地址），salutation（称呼），body（信主体），plimentary close（结尾客套语）and signature（署名）．
1）Heading：In the upper right hand corner
of the first page，write your
full address and the date．
2）Inside Address：On the left side，above the salutation，put the name and full address of
the addressee．However，this is often omitted in personal
letters．
3）Salutation：The greeting to the addressee，written flush with the left margin，two spaces below the inside address．A ma follows the salutation in a
personal letter；in a business
letter，it is
followed by a colon（：）．Besides，in personal letters，first names are usually used，while in business letters，the surnames are used．
4）Body：The contents of the letter．
5）plimentary Close：The closing of a letter．
The conventional plimentary closes in business letters are：“Yours truly，”“Yours sincerely，”“Sincerely yours，”“Sincerely，”“Cordially yours，”“Yours cordially，”etc．
The close of a personal letter is of a more free choice．“Yours，”Affectionately，“Fondly，”“Yours with love，”“Love，”“With best wishes，”etc．
6）Signature：Put your name（always handwritten）．
The table below will give you a more visual presentation of the
letter form：
33．4 Language（语言）
The style and tone of a personal letter（个人书信的写作风格和笔调）differ from those of a
business letter．While the
former is casual（随便自然），the
latter is formal（正规）．A
business letter should be polite in tone（笔调客气），exact and concise in wording（选词精确、恰当）．However，for either of them，the style should be clear and direct（清晰、达意）．Also，paragraphs in
business letters tend to be short．The first and last paragraphs are usually single…sentence paragraphs．
33．5 Advice on How to Write English Letters in CET—4Exams
1）Carefully read the directions and the requirements，distinguish the type of the letter：a personal
letter or a business letter．
2）Be clear about the purpose of the writing，and what you are to express in the letter．
3）Write according to the appropriate form．Pay attention to the different writing requirements of a personal
and business letter．
4）Try to be clear，direct，concise in your writing，avoiding too
many plimentary words．
Model of a Business Letter：
Department of puter Science
Southeast University
Nanjing，Jiangsu Province 210025
People's Republic of China
February 8，1996
Office of Foreign Students
Yale University
New Haven，Connecticut，06520
U．S．A．
Dear Sir/Madame：
I am a senior at the Department of puter Science，Southeast University，expecting to graduate in July this
year．I am writing
to inquire about the possibility of being enrolled in your university as a
graduate student as of September，1994．
In the past three years，I have majored in puter Science．Presently，I am doing my graduation project．Enclosed is the transcript of all the subjects which I have so far
pleted at my university．I received an excellent score in the College English Test Band…Six（CET…6）sponsored by the Educational mission of China and therefore my
knowledge of English is adequate for me to continue my studies in the U．S．A．
Please send me information on admission to your univetsity．As I have no relatives in the U．S．A．，I would also
like to know about the procedures for applying for finacial aid．
Thank you very much．I look forward to hearing from you soon．
Yours sincerely，
（Mr．）Zhang Hua
Writing Assignment for
Unit 33
指示：你原计划要回家度暑假。写一封信告诉家人你现在决定不回去了，并解释原因。请在30分钟内写完。
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第三十四单元 转换词语Transitional Words and Phrases
34．1 Introduction
In the writing of English positions，we have to use transitional words or phrases in order to make
logical connections between individual sentences and paragraphs as well as
enhance the overall coherence of an essay．Otnerwise，the paragraph or the essaywill be loosely connected．To see the difference，let's pare the following two
versions of a paragraph：
（1）
Speaking and writing are different in many ways．Speech depends on sounds．Writing uses written symbols．Speech developed about 500，000 years ago．Written language is a paratively
recent development．It was invented only about six thousand years ago．Speech is usually Informal．The word choice in writing is often
relatively formal．Pronunciation
and accent are ignored in writing．A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the
writtenlanguage of most countries．Speech relies on gesture，loudness，and the rise and fall of the voice．Writing lacks gesture，loudness，and the rise and fall of the voice．Careful speakers and writers are aware of the difference．
（2）
Speaking and writing are different in many ways．Speech depends on sounds；writing，on the other hand，uses written symbols． Speech was developed about 500，000 years ago，but written
language is a paratively recent development，invented only about six thousand years ago．Speech is usually informal，while the word choice of writing，by contrast，is often relatively formal．Although pronunciation and accent are
ignored in writing，a standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written
language of most countries．Speech relies on gesture，loudness，and the rise and fall of the voice，but writing lacks these features．Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
34．2 Analysis of the above two versions
In paragraph（1），almost all
connections are missing．Therefore，it is rather difficult for us to tell in how many ways speaking and
writing are different．In paragraph（2），however，by using the six parsion and
contrast transitions，“on the other hand”，“but”，“while”，“by contrast”and“although”，we can easily identify that speaking and wr