ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
ÈÙÒ«µç×ÓÊé ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

descartes¡¯ reason discourse(µÑ¿¨¶ûµÄÍÆÀí)-µÚÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




experiments¡¡they¡¡had¡¡already¡¡made£»¡¡as¡¡to¡¡assist¡¡me¡¡in¡¡those¡¡that¡¡remain¡¡to¡¡

be¡¡made¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡since¡¡that¡¡time¡¡other¡¡reasons¡¡have¡¡occurred¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡

been¡¡led¡¡to¡¡change¡¡my¡¡opinion£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡think¡¡that¡¡I¡¡ought¡¡indeed¡¡to¡¡go¡¡on¡¡

mitting¡¡to¡¡writing¡¡all¡¡the¡¡results¡¡which¡¡I¡¡deemed¡¡of¡¡any¡¡moment£»¡¡as¡¡

soon¡¡as¡¡I¡¡should¡¡have¡¡tested¡¡their¡¡truth£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡bestow¡¡the¡¡same¡¡care¡¡upon¡¡

them¡¡as¡¡I¡¡would¡¡have¡¡done¡¡had¡¡it¡¡been¡¡my¡¡design¡¡to¡¡publish¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡

course¡¡¡¡¡¡mended¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡me£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡afforded¡¡¡¡¡¡myself¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡48¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡49¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡RIGHTLY¡¡CONDUCTING¡¡THE¡¡REASON£»¡¡AND¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEEKING¡¡TRUTH¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡SCIENCES¡¡



more¡¡ample¡¡inducement¡¡to¡¡examine¡¡them¡¡thoroughly£»¡¡for¡¡doubtless¡¡that¡¡is¡¡

always¡¡more¡¡narrowly¡¡scrutinized¡¡which¡¡we¡¡believe¡¡will¡¡be¡¡read¡¡by¡¡many£»¡¡

than¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡written¡¡merely¡¡for¡¡our¡¡private¡¡use¡¡£¨and¡¡frequently¡¡what¡¡

has¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡me¡¡true¡¡when¡¡I¡¡first¡¡conceived¡¡it£»¡¡has¡¡appeared¡¡false¡¡when¡¡I¡¡

have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡mitting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡writing£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡lost¡¡¡¡no¡¡

opportunity¡¡of¡¡advancing¡¡the¡¡interests¡¡of¡¡the¡¡public£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡in¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡lay£»¡¡

and¡¡since¡¡thus¡¡likewise£»¡¡if¡¡my¡¡writings¡¡possess¡¡any¡¡value£»¡¡those¡¡into¡¡whose¡¡

hands¡¡they¡¡may¡¡fall¡¡after¡¡my¡¡death¡¡may¡¡be¡¡able¡¡to¡¡put¡¡them¡¡to¡¡what¡¡use¡¡

they¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡deem¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡proper¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡resolved¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡means¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡consent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡their¡¡

publication¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lifetime£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lest¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡oppositions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

controversies¡¡to¡¡which¡¡they¡¡might¡¡give¡¡rise£»¡¡or¡¡even¡¡the¡¡reputation£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡

it¡¡might¡¡be£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡would¡¡acquire¡¡for¡¡me£»¡¡should¡¡be¡¡any¡¡occasion¡¡of¡¡

my¡¡¡¡¡¡losing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡apart¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡improvement¡£¡¡For¡¡

though¡¡it¡¡be¡¡true¡¡that¡¡every¡¡one¡¡is¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡promote¡¡to¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡his¡¡

ability¡¡the¡¡good¡¡of¡¡others£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡to¡¡be¡¡useful¡¡to¡¡no¡¡one¡¡is¡¡really¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

worthless£»¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡is¡¡likewise¡¡true¡¡that¡¡our¡¡cares¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡extend¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡

present£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡good¡¡to¡¡omit¡¡doing¡¡what¡¡might¡¡perhaps¡¡bring¡¡some¡¡profit¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡living£»¡¡when¡¡we¡¡have¡¡in¡¡view¡¡the¡¡acplishment¡¡of¡¡other¡¡ends¡¡that¡¡

will¡¡be¡¡of¡¡much¡¡greater¡¡advantage¡¡to¡¡posterity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡in¡¡truth£»¡¡I¡¡am¡¡quite¡¡

willing¡¡it¡¡should¡¡be¡¡known¡¡that¡¡the¡¡little¡¡I¡¡have¡¡hitherto¡¡learned¡¡is¡¡almost¡¡

nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡parison¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡am¡¡¡¡ignorant£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡

knowledge¡¡of¡¡which¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡despair¡¡of¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡attain£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡much¡¡

the¡¡same¡¡with¡¡those¡¡who¡¡gradually¡¡discover¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sciences£»¡¡as¡¡with¡¡

those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡growing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rich¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡difficulty¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

acquisitions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡formerly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡experienced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡

acquisitions¡¡of¡¡much¡¡smaller¡¡amount¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Or¡¡they¡¡may¡¡be¡¡pared¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

manders¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡armies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡forces¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡proportion¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

their¡¡victories£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡need¡¡greater¡¡prudence¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡together¡¡the¡¡residue¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡troops¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡defeat¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡victory¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡towns¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

provinces¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡he¡¡truly¡¡engages¡¡in¡¡battle¡¡who¡¡endeavors¡¡to¡¡surmount¡¡all¡¡

the¡¡difficulties¡¡and¡¡errors¡¡which¡¡prevent¡¡him¡¡from¡¡reaching¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡

of¡¡truth£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡is¡¡overe¡¡in¡¡fight¡¡who¡¡admits¡¡a¡¡false¡¡opinion¡¡touching¡¡a¡¡

matter¡¡of¡¡any¡¡generality¡¡and¡¡importance£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡requires¡¡thereafter¡¡much¡¡

more¡¡¡¡¡¡skill¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡recover¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡former¡¡¡¡¡¡position¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡advances¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡49¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡50¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡RIGHTLY¡¡CONDUCTING¡¡THE¡¡REASON£»¡¡AND¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEEKING¡¡TRUTH¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡SCIENCES¡¡



when¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡possession¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡thoroughly¡¡¡¡¡¡ascertained¡¡¡¡¡¡principles¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

myself£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡have¡¡succeeded¡¡in¡¡discovering¡¡any¡¡truths¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sciences¡¡£¨and¡¡I¡¡

trust¡¡that¡¡what¡¡is¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡this¡¡volume¡¡1¡¡will¡¡show¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡found¡¡

some£©£»¡¡I¡¡can¡¡declare¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡but¡¡the¡¡consequences¡¡and¡¡results¡¡of¡¡five¡¡

or¡¡six¡¡principal¡¡difficulties¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡surmounted£»¡¡and¡¡my¡¡encounters¡¡

with¡¡which¡¡I¡¡reckoned¡¡as¡¡battles¡¡in¡¡which¡¡victory¡¡declared¡¡for¡¡me¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡will¡¡

not¡¡¡¡¡¡hesitate¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡avow¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡belief¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡further¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡wanting¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

enable¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡fully¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡realize¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡designs¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡gain¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡similar¡¡

victories£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡so¡¡far¡¡advanced¡¡in¡¡years¡¡but¡¡that£»¡¡according¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡ordinary¡¡course¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡I¡¡may¡¡still¡¡have¡¡sufficient¡¡leisure¡¡for¡¡this¡¡end¡£¡¡

But¡¡I¡¡conceive¡¡myself¡¡the¡¡more¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡husband¡¡the¡¡time¡¡that¡¡remains¡¡

the¡¡greater¡¡my¡¡expectation¡¡of¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡employ¡¡it¡¡aright£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡should¡¡

doubtless¡¡have¡¡much¡¡to¡¡rob¡¡me¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡were¡¡I¡¡to¡¡publish¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡of¡¡my¡¡

physics£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡although¡¡they¡¡are¡¡almost¡¡all¡¡so¡¡evident¡¡that¡¡to¡¡assent¡¡to¡¡them¡¡

no¡¡more¡¡is¡¡needed¡¡than¡¡simply¡¡to¡¡understand¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡although¡¡there¡¡is¡¡

not¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡of¡¡which¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡expect¡¡to¡¡be¡¡able¡¡to¡¡give¡¡demonstration£»¡¡

yet£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡that¡¡they¡¡can¡¡be¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡all¡¡the¡¡diverse¡¡

opinions¡¡of¡¡others£»¡¡I¡¡foresee¡¡that¡¡I¡¡should¡¡frequently¡¡be¡¡turned¡¡aside¡¡from¡¡

my¡¡grand¡¡design£»¡¡on¡¡occasion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡opposition¡¡which¡¡they¡¡would¡¡be¡¡sure¡¡

to¡¡awaken¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said£»¡¡that¡¡these¡¡oppositions¡¡would¡¡be¡¡useful¡¡both¡¡in¡¡making¡¡

me¡¡aware¡¡of¡¡my¡¡errors£»¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡my¡¡speculations¡¡contain¡¡anything¡¡of¡¡value£»¡¡

in¡¡bringing¡¡others¡¡to¡¡a¡¡fuller¡¡understanding¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡still¡¡farther£»¡¡as¡¡many¡¡

can¡¡see¡¡better¡¡than¡¡one£»¡¡in¡¡leading¡¡others¡¡who¡¡are¡¡now¡¡beginning¡¡to¡¡avail¡¡

themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡principles£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡assist¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡turn¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡discoveries¡£¡¡

But¡¡though¡¡I¡¡recognize¡¡my¡¡extreme¡¡liability¡¡to¡¡error£»¡¡and¡¡scarce¡¡ever¡¡trust¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡first¡¡thoughts¡¡which¡¡occur¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡yet¡­the¡¡experience¡¡I¡¡have¡¡had¡¡of¡¡

possible¡¡objections¡¡to¡¡my¡¡views¡¡prevents¡¡me¡¡from¡¡anticipating¡¡any¡¡profit¡¡

from¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡had¡¡frequent¡¡proof¡¡of¡¡the¡¡judgments£»¡¡as¡¡

well¡¡of¡¡those¡¡I¡¡esteemed¡¡friends£»¡¡as¡¡of¡¡some¡¡others¡¡to¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡I¡¡

was¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡object¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡indifference£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡malignancy¡¡¡¡and¡¡

envy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡would£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡knew£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡determine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡endeavor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡discover¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡

partiality¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡concealed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡eyes¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡friends¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡rarely¡¡

happened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡anything¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡objected¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡myself¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡50¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡51¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DISCOURSE¡¡ON¡¡THE¡¡METHOD¡¡OF¡¡RIGHTLY¡¡CONDUCTING¡¡THE¡¡REASON£»¡¡AND¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SEEKING¡¡TRUTH¡¡IN¡¡THE¡¡SCIENCES¡¡



altogether¡¡¡¡¡¡overlooked£»¡¡¡¡¡¡unless¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡something¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡removed¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

subject£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡never¡¡met¡¡with¡¡a¡¡single¡¡critic¡¡of¡¡my¡¡opinions¡¡who¡¡

did¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡to¡¡me¡¡either¡¡less¡¡rigorous¡¡or¡¡less¡¡equitable¡¡than¡¡myself¡£¡¡And¡¡

further£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡observed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡unknown¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡

brought¡¡to¡¡light¡¡by¡¡the¡¡disputations¡¡t
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡