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到了这个阶段,我们已经不再是积极的“外语学习者”了,外语已经成为了我们生活的一部分,融入了我们的生活方式。这时外语是无所不在的。我们要做的,更多的是对这种生活方式的选择和控制,作到深入接触这一阶段适合的输入材料。
这一阶段的语言特点是知识层面的要求有时要超过基本语言本身的结构和流利性的要求,特别是文化因素的相关性,涉及包括科技,宗教,社交,音乐,体育,经济,政治,文化特点和思维习惯等等方面。提高的手段是多方面的,甚至可以背诵一些经典的文章。这时背诵的目的也不是掌握语言,更重要的是为了提高和语言有关的知识量,提高文化修养和写作能力。就象我们的小学生背诵文章不是为了提高语言能力,而是提高语文能力相类似。
听说
这是一般的交流已经提高不大了,甚至在国外的一般工作交流,普遍语言难度都比较简单。开会和谈判的语言会比较复杂,但往往因为注意力在谈判内容上,所以会忽略语言的要素。提高的手段可以是在谈判前对谈判中常使用的语言进行了解,再到谈判中实际应用提高。在与母语是英语的人交流时,需要选择对象,不是和谁交流都一样了,有的人语言习惯和深度比较适合,有的则没太多帮助。有人说话喜欢平铺直叙,有人说话喜欢“拽”,应用大量类比和暗喻,后者可能帮助比较大。大家可以找“Frasier”来看(中文叫欢乐一家亲)。其实该片的听力难度主要不是对英语反应慢,而是文化,社会和知识性成分太高,两男主角的讲话方式故意附庸风雅,所以难度颇高,没英文字幕不行。每句话在看到文字后还要琢磨半天。克林顿的演讲应该是非常好的听力素材。(不建议找以前名人的演讲,不是语言过时,而是文字太古板了。)
写
写作是此时输出的最好手段,因为一般的流利地说已经实现了,再说也是它了,听者也不会因为讲话深度低而有任何意见。而时间的紧迫也不容我们多思考去讲复杂的外语。所以在写作时可以放慢速度仔细斟酌语句。对写作水平本身的训练此时是非常起作用的。同样,对某些优秀文章和演讲的背诵也是提高写作的好办法。
阅读
深度阅读应该是此阶段最有效的提高手段。在这一阶段的应该加强与文化相关的阅读内容。比如Dan Brown的小说,较深地涉及到西方文化和宗教内容,语言流畅而不难懂,是比较合适的读物。(个人认为Angels and Demons 比 Da Vinci Code还精彩,Deception Point 和 Digital Fortress 一般,高科技不是他的长项)。如果对其小说和此宗教话题感兴趣,还可以关注作者的网站并跟踪此话题讨论组。比如关于Da Vinci神秘背景的的探讨:The Secret Life of Leonardo da Vinci:A prankster and genius; Leonardo da Vinci is widely believed to have hidden secret messages within much of his artwork。 Most scholars agree that even Da Vinci’s most famous pieces—works like The Mona Lisa; The Last Supper; and Madonna of the Rocks—contain startling anomalies that all seem to be whispering the same cryptic message…a message that hints at a shocking historical secret which allegedly has been guarded since 1099 by a European secret society known as the Priory of Sion。 In 1975; Paris’s Bibliothè;que Nationale discovered parchments known as Les Dossiers Secrets; identifying numerous members of the Priory of Sion; including Sir Isaac Newton; Victor Hugo; Botticelli; and Leonardo da Vinci。 French President; Francois Mitterrand; is rumored to have been a member; although there exists no proof of this。
教科书
此阶段用外语进行某个学科知识的学习对提高语言水平效果明显。比如金融,经济,计算机等等。国外各学科学习的书,从内容上讲,阅读难度并不大,不象中国的教科书。当年学习计算机硬件基础,看了清华大学潭浩强的书,才看两页就要跳楼,天书啊!后来找了本英文的教材,小人书啊!各种故事,各种比喻(这象抽屉那象桌面的,排队先进屋的后出来等等),各种图画解释,玩儿似的就看完了,结果比其他同学理解还深刻。对此无话可说了。后来还看了些英文的风水书,也居然比中文的还好看。大家无论对任何科目有兴趣,不妨去找英文的教材来看。
如果说第三阶段已经没有固定的方法的话,第四阶段可以说都看不到方法了,已经是Life Style了。大家继续提高,努力一定会有更多的报,因为高的语言水平下才能够更自由地应用和操作高难度的英语任务,而这种水平的人并不多,竞争反而小。想二十年多前刚改革开放,小学英语老师可以成为外企的首代,现在一般交流能力已经比较常见,但高水平才是少数的。希望大家都能实现自己的目标。
差不多就到这里吧
老友Kerry,苏格兰人(总不愿说自己是英国人),会四种语言:英语,西班牙语,泰语和中文。他总是想各种办法鼓动我也赶快退休,好和他去旅行和钓鱼。“We are not getting any younger。”是他的口头禅。几个月前他真的提前退休了,先从北京去了新疆,后去了西班牙,然后就玩儿失踪。几天前过44岁生日,想起中文里数字44不吉利,才想起来写信回给还在中国的老友,题目就叫“双死生日 Double die birthday”。因为他自己是多语言大师,写出的信当然比较有趣。能达到看懂这样的文章,第四阶段也就差不多了。提前退休的想法好诱惑呀。是学好了外语就能提前退休呢,还是学好外语就不会退休了呢?姑且认为我能活88岁吧,那计划44岁退休可以了。呵呵,没几年了。
“Double die birthday”
“…on the road again; just can’t wait to…” Yep; Willie’s classic plucked from the sound track of Kurt Russell’s latest cult B; “Escape from Beijing”; played as we steered the boat out of Port Vell Barcelona。 At it again。 A thousand apologies for being off the radar as far as maintaining contact with dry land; homes and offices etc goes but I’m having too much fun。
I used to be better。 You’d see me pounding away earnestly at some unfortunate Dell keyboard; furrowed brow and distant stare。 Hopefully all that passed would have bitten the ruse; “Jeez; Kerry’s hard at it again today; must be writing up those results from the training session he had with the cleaners yesterday…” Eh; no。 I’d have been piling the match report from the mighty Athletico Beijing’s latest victory or revealing my life story and deepest thoughts to some bemused and unfortunate French Polynesian I’d met on an orange bus to Meihongsong seventeen years ago。
Not any more; despite never having anything better to do than that in my previous incarnation as an extremely unwilling employee; I do now。 puters and all their associated Christmas tree bobbles don’t do it for me right now。 Hence the mail to all final throw; I’m getting snowed under like it was Dundee in 1977。 My apologies。
Since they tore the Dell from my steely grip eleven months ago; it’s been Kashgar; Beijing; Thailand; Beijing and now Catalunya; the Baleares; once more。 A summer sabbatical sailing around the three little Mediterranean beauties。 We have been spinning the boat around the coasts of Ibiza; Mallorca and Menorca more times than the plundering Phoenicians; Turks; Moors and Romans put together。 If they all came here for their holidays there’s got to be something to the place。
We sailed out of Port Vell on the night of Sant Joan; the patron saint of Cataluna。 The whole midnight coast a…blaze with fireworks。 Could have been just for us; but wasn’t; we didn’t care。 The crossing over the Mediterranean to the islands takes around 24 hours and I’ve always fished and caught something big and scary during it。 This time it was an early morning Dorada out for the papers and rolls; he got a mouthful of Rapala instead。 Depending on which part of the world you are in; a Dorada could also be called a Mahi Mahi; or a Dolfin fish; so if you live in the Pacific you’ll know what I’m on about。 A hard fighting pelagic brute is a hard fighting pelagic brute by any other name and this was living up to its fight card billing。 As long as my leg and considerably more attractive it wore me out at 6:00 just as my helm watch started。 I