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UNIT 13 The water planetNATURE'S NURSERY: ESTUARIES 自然之母——河口
If the ocean is the source of life on earth; then the estuary is our planets nursery。 An estuary
is the body of water where a river meets the ocean。 Salt water from the ocean and fresh water from
the river mix together in an estuary。 This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kind—a transition zone between the land and sea。 Estuaries are the homes of thousands of animals and plants。 Many cities and towns are built around estuaries;and seventyfive percent of fish are caught in estuaries。
Estuaries are great places for natures young ones。 Here; animals can enjoy all the benefits of the oceans without having to face many of its dangers。 Tides provide energy for the ecosystems; but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by islands; mud; or sand。 Nutrients arrive in estuaries from both the land and the ocean。 The diversity of life in estuaries is incredible—birds; fish; marine mammals; shellfish and other species all come here to live; feed and reproduce。
Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutants from water coming from inland sources; thus cleaning our water。 Unfortunately; this function also makes estuaries very sensitive to environmental pollution。 Since estuaries protect animals and plants from storms and floods and prevent erosion; protecting them is very important。
Finally; estuaries provide both recreation and education for human beings。 Most of us enjoy fishing; swimming and having fun on the beach; and scientists and students have endless opportunities to study a variety of life in the habitat。 Estuaries also contribute to the economy through tourism and fishing。
如果说海洋是地球的生命之源,那么,河口就是我们这个星球之母了。河口是河流和海洋会合的水体。来自海洋的咸水和河流的淡水在河口混合。盐水和淡水混合创造出了一个独特的环境,其中充满了各种生物——这是陆地和海洋的过渡区。河口是成千上万的动植物的家园。许多城市和城镇就建在河口旁边,大约百分之七十五的鱼类都在河口地区捕获的。
河口是许多新出生动物的最好的去处。在这里,动物们可以享受到海洋的所有益处而不必面对太多的危险。潮流供给生态系统能量,由于有岛屿,淤泥和沙子的保护,海湾就免受大浪的侵袭。
河口的营养物质来源于海洋和陆地上的营养物质。河口地区生物的多样性令人难以置信——各种鸟鱼,海生哺乳类动物,贝壳类以及其他各种生物都来到这里生活,觅食和繁殖。
河口之所以重要也是因为他们能吸收来自内陆河水中的营养物和污染物,从而清洁我们的水源。不幸的是,这种功能使河口对环境污染非常敏感。既然河口能保护动植物免受暴风雨和洪涝灾害的袭击,阻止了侵蚀,那么保护他们就非常重要。最后,河口能为人类提供娱乐和教育的场所。
大多数人都喜欢钓鱼,游泳和在海滩上玩耍,也给科学家和学生们提供无穷的机会去研究聚集此地的各种生物。河口也通过旅游业和渔业促进经济的发展。
重点、难点、考点及疑点解释
1。This mixing of fresh and salt water creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds—a transition zone between the land and sea。 盐水和淡水混合创造出了一个独特的环境,其中充满了各种生物——这是陆地和海洋的过渡区
(1) filled with相当于一个定语从句 which/ that is filled with …,此处用来修饰名词environment。
(2) a transition zone between the land and sea进一步补充说明 a unique environment。transition 为名词,表示“转变'换,移',演变; 变迁; 过渡(时期)”等的意思。
the frequent transition of weather 天气的变化无常
transition energy 转变能,跃迁能
2。Here; animals can enjoy all the benefits of the oceans without having to face many of its dangers。 在这里,动物们可以享受到海洋的所有益处而不必面对太多的危险。
benefit 不可数名词,表示“利益,好处”的意思。
This dictionary will be of much benefit to me。这部字典将对我有很大益处。
I did it for his benefit。 我做这个是为了帮助他。
benefit也可用作动词,表示“有益于;获益;得益于”之意,当表示“获益;得益于”的意思时常与from; by连用。
We benefit from/by daily exercises。 我们得益于每天做操。
Exercise benefits our health。 运动有益于我们的健康。
3。Tides provide energy for the ecosystems; but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by islands; mud; or sand。 潮汐供给生态系统能量,岛屿,淤泥和沙子保护着海湾免受大浪的侵袭。
(1) provide sth。 for sb。=provide sb。 with sth。 意为“供给某人某物;向某人提供某物”。
They provide us with food。 他们供给我们食物。
We provided food for the hungry children。我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
(2) but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by islands; mud; or sand。 这个分句为短语 protect sth。 from /against sth“防止……免受……的侵害”的被动语态用法。变为主动则是islands; mud; or sand protect the estuaries from waves and storms。
4。Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients and pollutions from water coming from inland sources; thus cleaning our water。
河口之所以重要也是因为他们能吸收来自内陆河水中的营养物和污染物,从而清洁我们的水源。
(1) absorb 动词,表示“吸收(液体);吸取(知识);承受;占有”之意。短语be absorbed in sth。
表示“全神贯注在……,一心从事,热衷于某物”之意。
We will not absorb these charges。 我们不能承担这些费用。
This job absorbs all of my time。这件工作占有了我的全部时间。
(2) thus cleaning our water在此处为分词短语表示结果。
5。…scientists and students have endless opportunities to study a variety of life in the habitat。
……也给科学家和学生们提供无穷的机会去研究聚集此地的各种生物。
短语a (considerable; great; wide)variety of 表示“各种各样的,品类繁多的”之意。
The shoppingcentre sells a variety of goods。这个购物中心出售各种商品。
At school we learn a wide variety of things。 在学校我们学习各种知识。
Unit 14 Freedom fightersJohn Brown 约翰·布朗
·Born in 18001800年出生
·Worked as a farmer身份是农民
·Believed that slavery was bad认为奴隶制度是不对的
·Made friends and lived with free black people in the 1840
1840年与已经获得自由的黑人交朋友并与他们一起生活
·Helped runaway slaves in the 1850s19世纪50年代帮助奴隶逃跑
·In 1855 he and five of his sons fought to create a safe area for black people
1855年为了给黑人创造一个安全的环境,他和他的五个儿子共同参加了战斗。
Harriet Tubman哈里特·塔布曼
·Born as a slave in 18201820年出生于奴隶家庭
·Escaped in 18491849年逃跑
·In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves
1850年通过了禁止帮助奴隶逃跑的法律
·Joined an action group to help runaway slaves in 1850
1850年加入帮助黑人逃跑的行动组织
·Saved more than 300 slaves from 1851 to 1861
1851到1861年间帮助300多个黑奴获得自由
·Fought in the Civil War and rescued more than 750 slaves
参加美国内战并帮助750多个黑奴获得自由
·Active in the womens rights movement after the war
战后积极参加妇女争取权利的运动
·Opened a home for old and poor black people in 1908。
1908年为年老的和贫穷的黑人创办了一所福利院
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1。Put in prison from