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onal cooperation in large space ventures; it (引出主语从句) is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface。 (53 words)
22。【译文】1995年4月,美、英、苏、法在日内瓦举行首脑会议。这次会议的一个重要议题是核武器的核查问题。美、英、法三国采取了相同的立场,共同主张对核武器实行某种核查。而苏联明确表示,反对任何核查规定,认为这种规定实际是侵犯他们的主权,因此绝对不能接受。(注意两个现在分词结构的翻译,以及形式宾语的处理。)
【分析】The US; Britain and France adopted a common stand; agreeing to (现在分词短语作伴随状语) certain stipulations on inspection of nuclear weapons; but the Soviet Union made it (代词的预指,指代后面that从句的内容) clear that they were opposed to stipulations of any sort on nuclear weapons inspection (nuclear weapons inspection为复合名词结构); regarding (regarding现在分词短语作伴随状语) them (代词them指代前面的复数名词stipulations) as virtually a violation of their sovereignty and therefore totally unacceptable。 (51 words)
23。【译文】而营销注重的是顾客的需求。首先分析顾客的偏好和需求,再来生产满足顾客的商品。这种着眼于顾客的策略就称之为营销概念,简单地说就是生产商和经销商不是旨在生产或出售最容易生产或转卖的产品,而是首先努力获悉顾客的需要,然后再生产可以买到的商品。(注意本句中的连接词较多,应识别其功能和具体翻译的处理方法。)
【分析】This eyeontheconsumer approach is known as the marketing concept; which (which引出非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的concept) simply means that (连词that引出means的宾语从句) instead of trying to sell whatever (连词whatever引出sell的宾语从句) is easiest to produce or buy for resale; (此后为动词means的宾语从句部分) the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and (连词and连接endeavor和go两个动词) then go about making it available for purchase (51 words)
24。【译文】生活在继续进行。在12月那碧空如洗、阳光普照的一天,新房子破土动工了。孩子们已经能够站起来了。为了纪念这个时刻,他们每人得到一把镀金的小铁锹。很多朋友和邻居都来到现场。斯温斯博罗的市长将大家的感受概括为:“我们希望这些孩子长大之后,他们看到这栋房子时会明白他们的父亲得到了所有熟人的尊重和羡慕。”(本句中代词的使用较为频繁,注意搞清其指代关系。)
【分析】Many friends and neighbors were there; and the mayor of Swainsboro put our feelings into words (此处put与into构成搭配): “We hope that (连词that引导宾语从句) when these babies are grown; they will look at this house and understand how (连词how引导动词understand的宾语从句) much their father was respected and admired by everyone who (连词who引导限制性定语从句,修饰everyone) knew him。” (45 words)
25。【译文】事实上,社会利用了我们情感的反应和态度,比如忠诚感、道德感、自豪感、羞耻感、负疚感、恐惧感、贪婪,来保持其自身的存在。社会给那些从事重要工作的人,比如外科医生,予高薪报酬。把那些从事特殊或危险工作的人塑造为英雄。此外利用民法和刑法法规使人们不敢从事反社会的活动。(注意英语中后置定语在翻译时的处理问题。)
【分析】It gives high rewards to individuals who (连词who引导限制性定语从句,修饰individuals) perform important tasks such as surgery; makes (为主语it的第二个谓语动词) heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war; and uses (为主语it的第三个谓语动词) the legal and penal system to make people afraid (形容词afraid作为后置定语修饰中心词people) to engage in antisocial acts。 (47 words)
26。【译文】这片位于协和广场以西的广阔区域原是片沼泽地。经过填筑后,于1667年被建成一条宽敞的大街,名叫“林荫大道”。大街从杜伊勒利公园起始延伸至戴高乐广场,起点标志是马尔利战马。从这里延至大街的“圆点”(圆形大喷池所在)有一公园依傍在大街一侧。在第二帝国时期,这里是全巴黎最时髦的聚会地方和上流社会的居住区。如今,香榭丽舍大街不再拥有曾有的贵族风格,但其妩媚和优雅不逊于当年。豪华商店、剧院、著名餐馆和大的航空公司办事处林立大街两侧。两侧宽阔的人行道上挤满了巴黎人、观光者和来自世界各地的人们。(注意line一词在句中作动词使用,不要造成理解的错误。)
【分析】Today it may no longer have its onetime aristocratic character; but it has lost nothing of its beauty and elegance; luxurious shops; theatres; famous restaurants and important airline offices line (注意line为动词使用,作谓语) its wide footpaths; which (连词which为非限制性定语从句,前置词为footpaths) are always full of Parisians; tourists and a cosmopolitan throng。 (44 words)
27。【译文】诚然,我们会关注事物的长度、形状、尺寸或构成,但一个物体的物质方面比起它带给我们的感受或能够带给我们的感受来说,要无足轻重得多——比如伤害我们,让我们觉得惊奇,使我们生气或让我们愉悦。我们使用的分类方法要受家庭情感、地区情感和整个社会的情感的影响。与事物的情感经历使我们产生了一种社会认同感,即认为某些事情或行为是“好的”,其他事情是“坏的”。我们把“好”和“坏”的分类推而广之,运用于社会生活的各个方面——从我们吃的、穿的到怎样守信以及与什么人为伍。(注意倒装结构的识别和翻译。)
【分析】Out of (从out of至objects and events为介词短语) our emotional experiences with objects and events comes (comes为谓语动词,主语是a social feeling。本分句为全部倒装结构) a social feeling of agreement that (连词that引导feeling of agreement的同位语) certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”; and (连词and连接另外一个并列分句) we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—(从破折号之后至句末,为同位语结构,解释every aspect of our social life的具体内容) from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept。 (60 words)
28。【译文】因为世界气候变化来得太快,各式天然生态系统——沼泽、雨林和草原——可能无法适应。动植物经长期演化,可以在某种气候状态下生存,突然之间要面对不同的气候状态,所以有许多会灭绝。致命疾病大流行的机率也会增加。水温升高,有利于像霍乱菌等病菌的繁殖。像埃及斑蚊这种病媒可能在北欧、美国这种地方生存良好,所以像疟疾之类的疾病会更普遍。(注意对代词指代的判断。)
【分析】And the potential for deadly disease outbreaks will rise: (冒号之后的内容作为前面内容的解释) warming waters will be more hospitable to germs like those that cause cholera; disease carriers such as the Aedes aegypti mosquito may find (此处省略了that连词,作find的宾语从句) they (代词they指代disease carriers) can survive nicely in places like northern Europe and the U。S。; making (现在分词结构充当状语) illnesses such as malaria more widespread。 (51 words)
29。【译文】重要的是,当说话者想再次与听众进行目光交流时,听众恰在此刻要注视着说话者。否则,说话者会以为听众对自己不感兴趣,因此他要么会停顿一下,直到目光重新接触时再交流,要么就会结束谈话。当谈话双方戴上墨镜时,就可以清楚地看出双方目光接触对交流顺利进行的重要性: 一旦交谈双方戴上墨镜,谈话就会出现语塞、抢话、甚至意想不到的冷场情况。(注意对主语从句的判断,冒号的使用。)
【分析】Just how (how引导主语从句) critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes (becomes为谓语动词,主语为主语从句) evident when (连词when引导时间状语从句) two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by (介词by引出原因状语) interruption; false starts; and unpredictable pauses。 (40 words)
30。【译文】好消息是:这幅悲暗的景象也许能刺激各国政府认真采取行动。IPCC成员,也是加州的国际永续能源计划负责人克劳斯表示,首先着手的是“