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me way higher。 And； though the gleams blind and dazzle； yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined。 Greater too than we can describe； for language； which was invented to convey the meanings of this world； cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another。
That all great has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable。 In some moods； Nature shares it。 There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer； no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty； a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed； and in passing leaves and indefinable longing and regret。 But； if this world is not merely a bad joke； life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars； and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries； if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion； or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us。 if； in a word； beauty means something； yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning。 If we glimpse the unutterable； it is unwise to try to utter it； nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp。 Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless。
C。E。M。JOAD Pieces of Mind
New words and expressions 生词和短语
intense
adj。 强烈的
aesthetic
adj。 审美的
realm
n。 世界
serenity
n。 静谧
undeniable
adj。 不可否认的
indefinable
adj。 模糊不清的
vulgar
adj。 平庸的
radiance
n。 发光
intimation
n。 暗示
unutterable
adj。 不可言传的
invest
v。 赋予
参考译文
一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解和表达日落在他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通往遥远世界的大门。无论是谁，在强烈感受到美的时刻，心中都不禁油生一种遐想：我们似乎瞥见从另一个世界射向我们的一线光芒，那个世界不仅不同于我们这个世界，而且由于美感的强烈感染，在某些方面比我们这个世界更美好。虽然这光芒令人眼花缭乱，但它确实给予我们一种不曾经历和无法想象的美感和静谧的启示。这种美感和静谧是我们无法描述的，因为我们发明的语言是用来描述这个世界的含义，不能随便拿来去描述另一个世界。
不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人遐想到进入天外世界的魅力。在某种状态下，大自然也有这种魅力。六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；美丽的落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下不可名状的渴望和惆怅。如果这个世界不只是一个拙劣的恶作剧，如果人生不只是群星寒光中平凡的一闪，如果存在不只是对神秘事物的一种空虚的笑声，如果某种玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的邪恶情绪，也不是魔鬼为了捉弄我们，使我们发狂而送给我们的邪念，一句话，如果美有某种意义的话，我闪千万不要去阐明它的意义。如果我瞥见了只可意会不可言传的事物，企图把它说出来，那上不明智的；对于我们不理解的事物，我们也不应该去赋予它某种意义。用对我们人类有意义的词解释美是没有意义的。
Lesson 25
Non…auditory effects of noise
噪音的非听觉效应
First listen and then answer the following question。
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece？
May people in industry and the Services； who have practical experience of noise； regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time； they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people。 On the other hand； those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society。 This is a pity； because noise abatement really is a good cause； and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science。
One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness。 A recent article in a weekly newspaper； for instance； was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress； with the caption 'She was yet another victim； reduced to a screaming wreck'。 On turning eagerly to the text； one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital。 Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom？ Another patient might equally well plain that her neighbours were bining to slander her and persecute her； and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement。
What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions； to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are。 Some time ago the United States Navy； for instance； examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers： the study was known as Project Anehin。 It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome； if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft； you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise。 But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors。 This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies： if there is any effect of noise upon mental health； it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it。 That does not prove that it does exist： but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than； say； being brought up in an orphanage which really is mental health hazard。
D。E。BROADBENT Non…auditory effects of noise from Science Survey
New words and expressions 生词和短语
auditory
adj。 听觉的
inadequate
adj。 不适当的
plea
n。 要求
abatement
n。 减少
discredit
v。 怀疑
allegation
n。 断言
caption
n。 插图说明
wreck
n。 残废人
snag
n。 疑难之处，障碍
anecdote
n。 轶闻
slander
v。 诽谤
persecute
v。 迫害
squadron
n。 中队
psychiatric
adj。 精神病学的
diagnosis
n。 诊所
orphanage
n。 孤儿院
参考译文
在工业部门工作和在军队中服役的许多人对噪声音有切身的体会，他们认为对这个问题进行调查中浪费时间，甚至不愿承认噪音可能对人有影响。另一方面，那些讨厌噪音的人有时会用不充分的证据来支持他们希望有一个较为安静的社会环境的要求。要求减少噪音是件好事，但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在一起的话，就不会被人们所信任，这是很遗憾的。
常见的一种指责是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，最近一家周报刊登了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插图，是一位表情沮丧的女子。图的文字说明：“她是又一个受害者，成了只会尖叫的可怜虫。”当人们急切地看完正文后，便知道这女子是个打字员，办公室打字机的声音使她越来越烦，最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇闻的疑难之处是无法区别因果关系。是噪音引起了（精神）病呢，还是（精神）病的症状之一是对噪音的抱怨？另有一位病人可能同样有理由抱怨说，她的邻居们正在联合起来对她进行诽谤和迫害，不过，人们不会轻信她的抱怨。
对于噪音问题，需要对大量生活在噪音中的人进行研究，看一看他们是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上工作的人，这次调查被称之为：“安内英工程”。即使住在离机场几英里以外的地方，机场的噪音也会使人难受。因此，如果你能想像出和几个中队的喷气机同在一个甲板上是什么滋味儿的话，你就会认识到现代海军是研究噪音的好地方。但是，不管进行精神病学的调查访问，还是进行客观的测试，都不能显示噪音对这些美国水兵有任何影响。这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国早些时候的研究结论：如果噪音对精神健康有影响的话，那也一定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断方法